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S=E3o Paulo Journal

At Long Last, a Neglected Lang= uage Is=20 Put on a Pedestal

=20

Lalo de Almeida for The New York Times

A boy reads a page by the Brazilian writer Jo=E3o Guimar= =E3es Rosa=20 at the Museum of the Portuguese Language.

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By LARRY=20 ROHTER

Published: October 23, 2006

S=C3O PAULO, Brazil=20 =97 More people speak Portuguese as their native language than French, Germ= an,=20 Italian or Japanese. So it can rankle the 230 million Portuguese speakers t= hat=20 the rest of the world often views their mother tongue as a minor language a= nd=20 that their novelists, poets and songwriters tend to be overlooked.

Skip= =20 to next paragraph=20

Enlarge=20 This Image

Lalo de Almeida for The New York Times

Visitors study a timeline display. The museum, which ope= ned in=20 S=E3o Paulo in March, has quickly become the most visited one in Brazil.=20

An effort is being made here in the largest city in the world=92s larges= t=20 Portuguese-speaking country to remedy that situation. The Museum of the=20 Portuguese Language, with multimedia displays and interactive technology,= =20 recently opened here, dedicated to the proposition that Portuguese speakers= and=20 their language can benefit from a bit of self-affirmation and=20 self-advertisement.

=93We hope this museum is the first step to showing ourselves, our cultu= re and=20 its importance to the world,=94 said Ant=F4nio Carlos Sartini, the museum d= irector.=20 =93A strategy to promote the Portuguese language has always been lacking, b= ut from=20 now on, maybe things can take another path.=94

The museum, which opened in March, has already become the most widely vi= sited=20 in Brazil, drawing schoolchildren and scholars as well as tourists from Bra= zil=20 and Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa.

In the interests of linguistic harmony and unity, it sidesteps a basic i= ssue:=20 whether dominion over the language ultimately rests with the country where = it=20 was born or this rambunctious, overgrown former colony where it is most wid= ely=20 spoken.

George=20 Bernard Shaw once described the United States and Great Britain as =93t= wo=20 countries divided by a common language.=94 Much the same could be said abou= t=20 Brazil, with its 185 million people, and Portugal, with barely 11 million.<= /P>

The issue is not just the contrast between the mellifluous, musical acce= nt of=20 Brazil =97 =93Portuguese with sugar,=94 in the words of the 19th-century re= alist E=E7a=20 de Queiroz =97 and the clipped, almost guttural sound in Portugal. There ar= e also=20 marked differences in usage that have traditionally led to misunderstanding= s and=20 provided fodder for jokes.

In Portugal, for example, a word for a line (the waiting kind) is to=20 Brazilians a derogatory slang term for a homosexual. A Portuguese word for = a=20 man=92s suit of clothes means a fact or piece of information in Brazil.

Some purists in Portugal object to the slangy, colorfully casual version= of=20 the language that is spoken here and increasingly spread abroad through=20 Brazilian telenovelas, or soap operas. They regard such informality as unwo= rthy=20 of the language of Cam=F5es, the 16th-century poet whose seafaring epic =93= Os=20 Lus=EDadas=94 is often compared to the masterpieces of Homer and Dante.

=93That=92s certainly not my reading,=94 Maria Isabel Pires de Lima, Por= tugal=92s=20 culture minister, said, though, when she visited the museum in August with = Jos=E9=20 S=F3crates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, her country=92s prime minister. =93Lang= uage is a=20 living instrument, always moving, evolving and changing, so I don=92t see t= his=20 phenomenon as pejorative. On the contrary, telenovelas are an important too= l in=20 creating more awareness of the Portuguese language and culture.=94

In 1996, Brazil and Portugal joined with five African nations =97 Angola= , Cape=20 Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and S=E3o Tom=E9 and Pr=EDncipe =97 to fou= nd the=20 Community of Portuguese-Language Countries. Portuguese was recently designa= ted=20 an official language of the Organization of African Unity as a result of th= e=20 community=92s efforts. Leaders think that more can be done and hope that Br= azil=20 can lead the way.

=93One of our objectives is to disseminate Portuguese so that it has gre= ater=20 visibility in international organizations,=94 Jos=E9 Tadeu Soares, deputy d= irector=20 general of the group, said in a telephone interview from its headquarters i= n=20 Lisbon. =93But aside from Brazil and Portugal, the other countries have onl= y been=20 independent for 25 or 30 years and don=92t have the resources to project=20 themselves on the world stage the way Brazil can.=94

Though the group recently granted observer status to China, where the=20 language still has official standing in Macao, Portuguese is fading there a= nd in=20 places like Goa, Dam=E3o and Diu in India, three other former colonial outp= osts.=20 But when East Timor obtained its independence from Indonesia in 2002 and jo= ined=20 the community, that inspired an outpouring of sympathy and support from=20 Portuguese-speaking countries.

=93For the Timorese, Portuguese is a way of asserting their identity vis= -=E0-vis=20 Indonesia, and, for that matter, even Australia,=94 Luiz Fernando Valente,= =20 director of the Department of Portuguese and Brazilian Studies at Brown=20 University, said in a telephone interview from Providence, R.I.

But, he added, the aspiration of some Portuguese-speakers to see their= =20 language gain official status at the United=20 Nations is probably beyond reach. =93Portuguese is a global language, s= poken=20 on every continent,=94 he said, =93but it is not an international language,= used in=20 diplomacy and business the way that French is, and I don=92t know if that p= roblem=20 is solvable.=94

Mr. Sartini, the museum director, said the museum planned to send roving= =20 exhibitions abroad, to disseminate Portuguese language and culture. Ideally= , he=20 said, such displays would visit not only Portuguese-speaking countries but = also=20 those, like the United States, with Portuguese-speaking minorities.

The largest and oldest United States enclave is around Providence, R.I.,= and=20 Fall River and New Bedford, in southeastern Massachusetts. There are others= , in=20 the Central Valley of California, around Fresno, for example, as well as in= =20 southern Florida and Newark.

At a literary festival near here in August, though, the Anglo-Pakistani= =20 writer Tariq Ali was quoted in the local press as saying that only three=20 languages are assured of surviving to the end of this century: English, Chi= nese=20 and Spanish. Even Jos=E9 Saramago, the Portuguese novelist and Nobel=20 laureate who lives mostly in Spain, has fretted publicly over the=20 possibility of Portuguese being overwhelmed by English and Spanish.

Spanish-speakers have sometimes jokingly dismissed Portuguese as simply= =20 =93Spanish, badly spoken.=94 But because of Brazil=92s huge size and dynami= c economy,=20 cities like Buenos Aires and Santiago, in neighboring countries, are now aw= ash=20 in fliers and billboards offering Portuguese language courses.

=93For 850 years, our neighbors next door have been saying that there is= no=20 future for Portuguese,=94 said Mr. Soares, of the community, referring to S= pain.=20 =93But here we are, still. The dynamic for the language may come from Brazi= l, but=20 there is no doubt in my mind that Portuguese as a language will remain viab= le.=94=20

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=0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C6FF61.1404B040 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/js/common.js /*=0A= $Id: common.js,v 1.11 2006/06/07 19:17:51 santep Exp $=0A= (c) 2006 The New York Times Company=0A= */=0A= =0A= function nameIt() {=0A= window.name =3D 'nytimesmain';=0A= if ((navigator.appName =3D=3D "Microsoft Internet Explorer") && (docum= ent.all.globalsearchform)){=0A= document.all.globalsearchform.style.visibility =3D "visible";=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =20=20=20=20=20=0A= function pop_me_up(pURL,features){=20=0A= new_window =3D window.open(pURL, "popup_window", features);=0A= new_window.focus();=0A= }=0A= =0A= function pop_me_up2(pURL,name,features){=0A= new_window =3D window.open(pURL,name,features);=0A= new_window.focus();=0A= }=0A= =0A= function changeImage(image_name,image_src) {=0A= document.images[image_name].src =3D image_src;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function goToURL(obj){=0A= var f =3D (obj.section) ? obj : obj.form;=0A= var selected =3D f.section.selectedIndex;=0A= var URL =3D f.section.options[selected].value;=0A= if (URL !=3D "") document.location =3D URL;=0A= return false;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function goToURL2(sel){=0A= // This version only works for onChange events from select objects=0A= // but the select object can have any name, unlike goToURL() which require= s=20=0A= // the select object to be named "section"=0A= =09=0A= var selected =3D sel.selectedIndex;=0A= var url =3D sel.options[selected].value;=0A= if (url !=3D "") document.location =3D url;=0A= return false;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (window.self !=3D window.top) {=20=0A= top.location.replace(window.location.pathname);=20=0A= }=0A= //begin functions for Travel flash slideshows=0A= function writeFlashSlideShow(xmlFile){=0A= var swfFile =3D "/slideshow/swf/slideshow.swf?XMLfile=3D/slideshow/xml/tr= avel/" + xmlFile;=0A= =09=09=0A= var HTMLstr =3D "";=0A= HTMLstr +=3D "";=0A= return HTMLstr;=0A= }=0A= =09=0A= function showFirstSlide(imgName, photoCredit, photoCaption){=0A= var HTMLstr =3D "";=0A= HTMLstr +=3D "";=0A= HTMLstr +=3D " $3D\"ph=$ ";=0A= HTMLstr +=3D "";=0A= HTMLstr +=3D "
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path=3D " + path= + "; domain=3D" + domain;=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // Function for Classifieds and Most Popular modules=0A= function Accordian(target) {=0A= typeof target =3D=3D "object" ? this.element =3D target : this.element = =3D document.getElementById(target); if (!this.element) return false;=20=20= =0A= this.ul =3D this.element.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0];=20=0A= this.tabs =3D this.ul.getElementsByTagName("li");=0A= this.tabContent =3D this.getTabContent();=0A= this.bind();=0A= }=0A= =0A= Accordian.prototype.getTabContent =3D function() {=0A= tabContent=3D new Array();=20=20=20=20=0A= this.divs =3D this.element.getElementsByTagName("div");=0A= for(var i =3D 0; i < this.divs.length; i++) {=0A= if (/tabContent/i.test(this.divs[i].className)) {=0A= tabContent.push(this.divs[i]);=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20= =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return tabContent;=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= Accordian.prototype.bind =3D function() {=20=20=20=20=0A= var o =3D this;=0A= for(var i =3D 0; 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